What is a major consequence of urbanization on environmental health?

Urbanization significantly impacts environmental health, and one of the major consequences is the increase in air and water pollution. As urban areas expand, there is typically a concentration of industries, traffic, and construction activities, all of which release pollutants into the atmosphere and water bodies. Increased vehicle emissions contribute to poor air quality, leading to health issues such as respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, urban runoff, often contaminated with oils, heavy metals, and chemicals, can pollute local water systems, affecting both human health and aquatic ecosystems.

In contrast, urbanization often leads to a loss of green spaces and habitat, which can negatively affect wildlife rather than improve conditions for them. Resource consumption tends to increase in urban settings due to higher populations and demands, rather than decreasing. Although some urban environments may incorporate green spaces, the trend is generally for these areas to contract as cities expand, rather than expand. Therefore, the increase in pollution resulting from urbanization is a key concern for public health and the environment.