What is the function of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)?

An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) plays a crucial role in assessing the potential environmental effects of proposed actions, particularly in the context of major federal projects. The primary function of an EIS is to provide a comprehensive analysis of how a proposed project, such as construction, policy changes, or development plans, could impact the environment. This includes evaluating factors like air and water quality, wildlife habitats, and overall ecosystem integrity.

The EIS process ensures that decision-makers and the public are aware of these potential impacts before any final decisions are made. It also facilitates the consideration of alternative actions that may have fewer negative consequences on the environment. By requiring a thorough investigation into environmental impacts, an EIS serves as a critical tool for promoting informed decision-making that balances development needs with environmental preservation.

While other options may touch on related themes—like public participation or summarizing legal frameworks—they do not encapsulate the primary purpose of an EIS. Those elements may indeed be components of the larger environmental review process, but they do not define the core function of an EIS, which is specifically focused on documenting potential environmental effects.