Which activity can undermine biodiversity?

Urbanization significantly undermines biodiversity primarily because it involves the transformation of natural habitats into urban areas for residential, commercial, and industrial use. This process typically leads to habitat destruction, fragmentation, and degradation, severely impacting local flora and fauna. As cities expand, the natural ecosystems get altered, and many species are unable to adapt to these changes, leading to decreased populations or even extinction.

In contrast, conservation efforts, ecological restoration, and organic farming practices are aimed at protecting and enhancing biodiversity. Conservation efforts work to preserve existing natural habitats and the species that inhabit them, whereas ecological restoration seeks to recover degraded ecosystems to a state that is both functional and supports biodiversity. Organic farming practices are designed to promote sustainable agricultural methods that can enhance biodiversity by avoiding harmful chemicals and supporting a more natural ecosystem.

Thus, urbanization stands out as the activity that directly contributes to the loss of biodiversity through habitat loss and environmental changes that are largely detrimental to wildlife and plant species.